“Imperfect is the Joy not shared by all “, wrote Aurobindo.

I climb not to Thy everlasting day
As I have shunned Thy eternal night
Thy servitudes on earth are greater King,
Than all the glorious liberties of Heaven,
Too far Thy heavens for me from suffering men,
Imperfect is the Joy not shared by all.

“Let the whole world be happy ” prays the Eternal Law ( Sarve Janah Sukhino Bhavanthu ). For such a noble purpose, did He not consecrate His life to humanity ?

The word ” hour ” is derived from the Sanskrit, Hora. A Zodiacal Sign is two hours and a day is made up of 24 Horas or Hours!

Ardha Rasi Bhaveth Hora Chaturvimsathi Smritah

In other words, 30 degrees is one Zodiacal Sign and 15 degrees one Hora or Hour.

The first 15 degrees of Aries is Odd and the next 15 degrees is Even. The Odd Horas are ruled by the Sun and the Even Horas are ruled by the Moon.

By this calculation, it is easy to understand who the lord of the Hora is.

So there are two Hora lords, Sun and Moon – Soorya Hora and Chandra Hora.

So from the longitude of a planet, it is possible to know the Hora lord, as 24 horas are ruled by the Sun and Moon.

For example, Mars is in the 5th degree of Aries. We say the Hora lord of Mars is the Sun. Suppose Jupiter is in the 25th degree of Aries. Moon is the Hora lord of Jupiter

Once the Ascending degree is obtained, Bhava Sphuta Ganitha or the computation of House Division becomes easy.

We have said that 180 degrees away from the Ascendant is the Descendant & 180 degrees away from the MC is the IC, the Patala Lagna.

So we have now 4 mathematical points on the Circle. Divide the quadrants by 3 and we get the starting and the end of 12 houses !

This type of Bhava Ganitha is attributed to Sripathi in the Indian system and in the Western system, there are many methods of computation, namely the sytems of Regiomontanus, Companus & Placidus !

Western scholars Thibeau and Whitney argued that the early Indians did not have any conceptions about Maths and Astronomy and the calculations of the Cosmological Cycles ( One Cosmological Cycle = 4.32 billion years ) were looted from the Greeks and the Romans.

On the other hand, another Western scholar, the Rev Ebenezor Burgess who translated the Surya Siddhanta into English, differed from them saying that the early Indians were pioneers of Astronomy and Maths.

In Aryabhateeyam, Maha Bhaskareeyam and Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta, to mention 3 major astronomical treatises, Bhuja was Sin, Koti was Cos and Sparsa was Tan. Bhuja chapa was Arc Sine of an angle (Asin), Koti Chapa was arc cosine of an angle ( Acos )& Sparsa Chapa was arc tangent of an angle(Atan). Sin was Bhujajya/ Trijya, Opposite Side/Hypotenuse and Cos was Koti Jya / Trijya, Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse. All trignometric funtions which we know as Sin, Tan and Cos had Sanskrit names and Spherical Astronomy and Spherical Trignometry were well developed in India !

Kala Hora has been defined as 1/12th of a day

Dina Dwadasamso Matha Kalahora

If Thursday, then the ruler of the first hour is Jupiter ( Jove or Thor’s day, Thursday)

Pathi tasya poorvasya varadhi nadha

Nisayam thu vareswarath panchamadya

The ruler at night is the fifth lord

meaning on a Sunday, after sunset, the first hour is ruled by Venus

as per the rule

Arka Sukra Budhas Chandra Manda Jeeva Dharasutha

Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars.

Why is Monday after Sunday ?

The answer is given by the sequential order of Planetary Hours or Kala Hora

On Sunday, at surise, the first hour or Kala Hora is ruled by the ruler of Sunday, the Sun. So after 21 hours, the 22nd hour is ruled by Sun, the 23rd hour by Venus and the 24th hour by Mercury and the 25th hour, that is next day is ruled by Moon and so the next day is Moon’s day or Monday !

Planetary Hour = Duration of day /12

Duration of Day = Sunset – Sunrise
Duration of Night = Sunrise – Sunset

The duration of Night and Day varies and it is not exactly 12 hours. So in the program formulae should be given for finding out Planetary Hours !

We have said before that the mean longitude of the planet should be subject to a trignometric correction to get the Vikshepa Vritteeya Sphuta or Reduction to Aphelion. Then it is reduced to Ecliptic by the formula

Sin h = 1 – Cos l Sin Y Cos Y / Cos l

The longitude thus obtained is subjected to another trig correction, Reduction to Perihelion or Sheegra Kriya. The term Trignomety, it must be mentioned, is derived from the Sanskrit Trikonamithi and Geometry, from Jyamithi. Brahma Gupta in his mathematical treatise Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta defined Jya as 5 degrees of 1/6 th of a Zodiacal Sign. Bhujamsa, he said, is radius multiplied by modern sine. In hoary times, Astronomy was sister to Astrology and both were united by Mathematics. Astronomy and Maths ( Ganitha ) is one the Three Skandas ( branches ) which constitue Jyothisha or Astro Physics. Samhita ( Philosophy ) and Hora ( Astrology ) were the other branches.

The Longitude of Gulika is the longitude of the Ascendant at the time of Gulika’s rise.

Gulika rises at different times on different days. Saturday he rises at 4 Nadis, that is 4*24 minutes, after sunrise.

Once the calculation of the Asc is carried out, the computation of Gulika’s longitude becomes easy