Vedic Astronomy & Trignometry
In the Great Circle of Light which is 360 degrees, ( the Bha Chakra, the Kala Chakra, the Zodiac ), the first 90 degrees are Oja Pada ( Odd Tri Signs ) and the next 90 degrees are Yugma Pada ( Even Tri Signs ).
There are two major Indian Planetary Models – the Eccentric Model and the Epicycle Model. In the Eccentric Model, the Mean Circle is called Manda Pratimandala, that is the circle traversed by the mean angular motion of the planet. In the Epicycle Model, the Planet is on the epicycle, known as Manda Paridhi.
The Equation of Bhuja
 |
The degrees traversed by a planet is called Bhuja and the degrees yet to be traversed by a planet is called Koti in an Odd Sign. In an Even Sign, the degrees traversed by the planet is called Koti and the degrees yet to be traversed by a planet is called Bhuja. In other words, the degrees traversed by a planet is the same in the first 0 – 90 degrees and in the second Pada, it is 180 – degrees traversed. In the 180-270 degrees arc, it is distance traversed – 180 degrees and in the 270-360 degrees arc, it is 360 – distance traversed. This is known in Vedic Astronomy as the equation of Bhuja or Sine. Bhujajya is radius multiplied by modern Sine.
https://ajiio.in/woslXgV https://fktr.in/S9sKHZT https://topdeal.app.link/1a2dI9ZybGb https://bitli.in/kfojutphttps://fktr.in/x2dpYJS
The Mighty Circle of Light, Zodiac
Is divided by four into Four Quadrants
Distance traversed is Bhuja in Odd Sign
In Even Sign, it is Koti called !
Bhuja is Radius into modern Sine
Koti is Radius into modern Cos
From Aries to Libra is the Northern Hemisphere
And Southern from Libra to Aries !
( Oja Yatra Bhujaira Kotirapara Meshadi Jookadhi Kau )
Brahmagupta, in his mathematical treatise, the Brahmasphuta Siddhanta used the word Jya which means 5 degrees of a 360 degree circle which is the Zodiac, which is the Ecliptic. Suppose a planet has traversed 42 degrees in the first Oja Pada ( From Aries to Gemini end ).The Bhuja is 42 degrees and the Bhujajya is the 9th Jya or the 9*5 th degree. Bhujajya by Trijya is Opposite Side by Hypotenuse or the modern Sine.
Jya Ganitha means Trignometry. The equation for Koti is different. It is Kotijya by Trijya or Adjacent Side by Hypotenuse ( the modern Cos ). As per Indian Learning it was Aryabhata, one of the greatest mathematicians ever, who first computed the celestial longitudes of planets ( Aryabhato Graha Ganitham ).
The calculations given for the perturbations of Moon, Jupiter and Saturn are as follows. First find out the Bhuja of the planet, the degrees traversed. Find out its Bhujajya or Sin ( Bhuja ). Multiply it by the value given ( which is in seconds) and add it to the mean longitude of the planet.
Meshadi , Thuladi, Karkyadi & Makaradi ( The First Points of Aries, Cancer, Libra & Capricorn )
From Aries to Libra is the Northern Celestial Hemisphere ( NCH ) and from Libra to Aries is the Southern Celestial Hemisphere ( SCH ). If the planet’s Kendra is in NCH, the values are to be subtracted and if in the SCH, it is to be added. ( Meshadi Rinam, Thuladi Dhanam )
Karkyadi is the First Point of Cancer and the beginning of Dakshinayana, the Southern course of the Sun, his declination South. Makaradi is the First Point of Capricorn and the beginning of Uttarayana, the Northern course of the Sun , his declination North. At Meshadi, the Sun’s declination is 0 degrees and Right Ascension is 0 degrees. At Karkyadi, the Sun’s declination is +23 degrees 27 minutes and Right Ascension is 90 degrees. At Thuladi, the Sun’s declination is 0 degrees and Right Ascension is 180 degrees. At Makaradi, the Sun’s declination is -23 degrees 27 minutes and Right Ascension is 270 degrees.
The Perturbations of Jupiter
The equations given for Jupiter’s perturbations are as follows: Five major perturbations are included along with a major perturbation which is given below. ( The great Jupiter – Saturn perturbation ).
Kendra means an angle in Sanskrit . Manda Kendra means Mean Anomaly, the angle between position and aphelion and Sheeghra Kendra is the angle between position and the Earth Sun Vector. All Kendras are zero at perihelion. Perihelion is taken as 0 degrees and Aphelion is 180 degrees.
The Great Jupiter Saturn Perturbation. ( Amplitude .332 degrees, Duration, Period = 918 years )
The English Era + 3102 gives the Kali Era, the Era of the Hindu Calender. Add 3102 to the Year of Birth to get the Kali Year of Birth. From that value 4660 is deducted and the value is divided by 918. This gives the Beeja Kendra. Find out the Sin ( Bhuja ) of that, multiply it with 1187 seconds and add it to Jupiter’s longitude if the Kendra is in NCH and subtract it if it is in SCH.
The differential equation for that is
If Kali Year of birth is xyear
m = 1187 secs*( Sin ( xyear – 4660) * 360/918)
If m is in SCH, M = M – m
If m is in NCH, M = M +m , where M is the Mean Longitude of Jupiter
There are other minor perturbations which can be ignored.
( Lj = Mean Longitude of Jupiter; Ls – Mean Longitude of Saturn. These longitudes are Tropical or Sayana. ).
| First Kendra | (Sin ( Lj – Ls ) – 1. 15)* 81 |
| Second Kendra | Sin1* 85 |
| Ninth Kendra | Sin ( 2*Ls – Nm ) * 81 |
| Tenth Kendra | Sin ( Mm – Ms )* 73 |
| Eleventh Kendra | Sin ( 2*D + Mm ) * 60 |
| Twelfth Kendra | Sin ( 2*Mm – 2 D + 180 ) * 42 |
| Thirteenth Kendra | Sin ( 4*D – Mm ) * 35 |
| Fourteenth Kendra | Sin ( 4*D – 2*Mm +180)* 30 |
These trignometric corrections should be added to Moon’s Mean Longitude if the Kendra is in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere and deducted if the Kendra is in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere and then we get the Samskrutha Chandra Madhyamam or the Cultured Mean Longitude of the Moon. Manda Kriya ( Reduction to True Anomaly ) must be done. Then Parinathi Kriya ( Reduction to Ecliptic ) should be done and what we get then is the longitude of the Moon along the Ecliptic !
Viskshepa Vrittopa Gatho Vipatha
Thasmannayel Jyam Parinathyabhikhyam
Yugmaupada Swarnam Idam Vidheyam
Syath Kranti Vritteeya Ihaisha Chandra !
After the Reductions Fourteen, Sin M to be added or minussed
To the Cultured Longitude Mean; The Node to be deducted &
Reduced to the Earth’s Path ( Ecliptic ); thus shall we get resultant Value,
Luna’s true Sidereal Longitude !
References
The 18 Siddhantas, named after 18 Seers
Surya Siddhanta
Pitamaha Siddhanta
Vyasa Siddhanta
Vasishta Siddhanta
Atri Siddanta
Parasara Siddhanta
Kashyapa Siddhanta
Narada Siddhanta
Garga Siddhanta
Marichi Siddhanta
Manu Siddhanta
Angira Siddhanta
Lomasa Siddhanta
Paulasa Siddhanta
Yavana Siddhanta
Chyavana Siddhanta
Bhrigu Siddhanta
Brahma Siddhanta
And Others
Maha Bhaskareeya by Bhaskara I
Arya Siddhanta by Aryabhata I
Maha Siddhanta by Aryabhata II
Siddhanta Siromani by Bhaskara II
Aryabhateeya by Aryabhata
Aryabhateeya Bhasya by Neelakanta Somayaji
Sphuta Nirnaya by Achyuta Pisharodi
Siddhanta Darpana by Neelakanta
Ganitha Adhyaya by Bhaskara
Ganith Nirnaya by Puliyoor
Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta by Brahmagupta
Siddhanta Shekhara by Sripathi
Siddhanta Tatva Viveka by Kamaleswara
Siddhanta Darpana by Neelakanta
Siddanta Deepika by Parameswara
Tantrasangraha by Neelakanta
Venvaroha by Madhava
Yukthi Bhasha by Jyeshta Deva
Jyothir Meemamsa by Neelakanta
Gola Deepika by Parameswara
Drig Ganitha – By Parameswara
Grahana Nyaya Deepika by Parameswara
Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy by Prof K V Sarma
Geometry in Ancient and Medieval India by T A Saraswathy
Indian Journal of History Sciences by A K Baig
The Science of Ancient Hindu Geometry by B Dutta
Parameswara’s Rule by R C Dutta
Indian Journal of History Sciences by R C Dutta
Madhava of Sangramagrama by Journal of Kerala Studies
On the Quadrature of the Circle by C T Rajagopal
Medieval Kerala Mathematics – Archive of History of Science by C T Rajagopal
Laghu Bhaskareeya by Sankara Narayanan
Geometry of Sree Yantra by N C Bolton
Mayoora Shikha ( The Crest of the Peacock ) by Dr Joseph
The Cultural Foundtions of Mathematics by Dr C K Raju
Bharateeya Ganitha
Bharateeya Pari Sthithi
Bharateeya Rasa Tantra – all by Dr C Krishnan Namboothiri
Laghu Manasa by Munjala
Badha Deepika by Parameswara
On the Hindu Quadrature of the circle and the infinite series of the proportion of the circumference to the diameter exhibited in the four Sastras, the Tantra Sahgraham, Yucti Bhasha, Carana Padhati and Sadratnamala by Charles Mathew Whish
- Lj – 2 Ls) – 13.08 )* 132
Third Kendra Sin ( 2 Lj – 2 Ls – 0.58 )* 200 Fourth Kendra Sin ( 2 Lj – 3 Ls – 61.57 )* 83 Fifth Kendra Sin ( 3 Lj – 5 Ls – 56.38 )* 162 The first value is to be added if the Kendra is Thuladi ( after the First Point of Libra ) and deducted if it is Meshadi ( after the First Point of Aries ). 2,3,4 & 5 are to be added if it is Meshadi and subtracted if Thuladi
The Perturbations of Saturn
The Great Jupiter Saturn Perturbation. ( Amplitude 2783 sec, Duration, Period = 918 years )
The English Era + 3102 gives the Kali Era, the Era of the Vedic Calender. Add 3102 to the Year of Birth to get the Kali Year of Birth. From that value 4660 is deducted and the value is divided by 918. This gives the Beeja Kendra. Find out the Sin ( Bhuja ) of that, multiply it with 2783 seconds and add it to Saturn’s longitude if the Kendra is in NCH and subtract it if it is in SCH.
The differential equation for that is
If Kali Year of birth is xyear
m = 2783 secs*( Sin ( xyear -4660) * 360/918)
If m is in SCH, M = M – m
If m is in NCH, M = M +m , where M is the Mean Longitude of Saturn
First Kendra Sin ( Lj – 2 Ls ) -14.66 )*418 Second Kendra Sin ( 2 Lj – 4 Ls + 56.90 )* 667 Third Kendra Sin ( 3Ls – Lj + 77.38 )* 48 These values are to be added if the Kendra is Thuladi ( after the First Point of Libra ) and deducted if it is Meshadi ( after the First Point of Aries ). In Sanskrit it is called Meshadi Rinam & Thuladi Dhanam. Meshadi is the beginning of the Northern Celestial Hemisphere and Thuladi the begining of the Southern Celestial Hemisphere.
There are other minor perturbations which may affect only the Vikala ( second ) of the planet’s longitude and hence can be ignored.
The Perturbations of the Moon
(Ms – Mean Anomaly of the Sun; Mm – Mean Anomaly of the Moon; Ls – Mean Longitude of the Sun; Lm – Mean Longitude of the Moon; D = Lm – Ls ( Thidhi); Nm – Node of the Moon. These values are Sidereal or Nirayana )
14 Kendras are to be made and 14 trignometric corrections are to be given, according to astronomical savants. These 14 reductions are mandatory and only after these reductions can we get the true longitude of the Moon.
First Kendra Sin ( Ms + 180 ) * 658 Second Kendra Sin ( Lm – Ls ) * 121 Third Kendra Sin ( 2*D – Mm ) * 4467 Fourth Kendra Sin ( 2*D + 6 Signs ) * 2145 Fifth Kendra Sin (( 2*D – Mm -Ms ) + 180)* 198 Sixth Kendra Sin ( 2*D – Ms ) * 155 Seventh Kendra Sin ( Mm- Ms + 180 ) *112 Eighth Kendra Sin ( 2( Lm – Nm- Mm +180 [↩] Cultural Capital of Kerala !
Seafood Exports
The Computer Capital of Kerala, Kochi
The Manchester of India
The Huge, Sunrise Industry having mammoth potential !
With 357 million tonnes horti production, 325 mt foodgrains, 13 mt spices, 18 mt seafood, 218 mt milk et al and an annual production exceeding one billion tonnes, Ind is the bread basket of the world. What is needed here is a Green Revolution II and Blue Revolution. We mean Markeing, Processing and Distribution. Less than 10 per cent is processed. We need Mega Factories and Mass Industrialisation. Then only will Ind's potential be actualised !The Age of Aquarius The New Age has arrived ! The New Age of Aquarius, with its resplendent promise of Scientific Enlightenment ! Hair’s song announced the dawning of the Age of Aquarius When the moon is in the Seventh House And Jupiter aligns with Mars Then peace will guide the planets And love will steer the stars! This is the dawning of the age of Aquarius The age of Aquarius Aquarius! Aquarius! The Vernal Equinox precedes one degree in every 72 years. The Vernal Equinoctial Point after moving through Pisces is now in Aquarius, ushering in a scientific Age of Enlightenment. Gone are the dogmas which graced the Piscean Age. The Dark Ages were characterised by the Piscean Age, where the dogmas of Theology dominated mankind. Bruno was burnt alive, Galileo arrested, Darwin and Russell persecuted. The New Age of Aquarius will usher in an area of Peace and prosperity. Let us hope that there will be a World Government and a World Church where all can pray and live in peace ! The Net itself is a boon of the New Age. The Information Age, the Age of the Internet, is another synonym for New Age ! The Science of the Base of all that is, the Absolute is the basic Science, the fundamental Science, the supreme Science, the Master Science. Now the NAM ( New Age Movement ) has the message of Absolute Unity behind it and is secular & universally diffused over the earth’s surface. & its basic underlying philosophy emphasises Divine Unity & Gnosticism. Gnosticism is an ancient philosophy stating that Divine essence is the highest reality, and that the Self of man is actually this Essence. Behind the phenomenal world is the Transcendent Reality which Intuition alone can see ). It bears a remarkable resemblance to the Universal Religion that H.G. Wells predicted would one day take over the world. New Age - A Universal Philosophy NAM is a regeneration of divine values and has conquered the West intellectually. Western culture is currently experiencing a phenomenal shift - sociological, spiritual & ideological. It’s a secular, multi-cultural, multi-religious synthesis, of the Oriental mystical philosophies, mainly Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism & Western Occultism, emphasising Holism, the doctrine that Reality is organically One ( now taught in American Universities after Einstein’s Theory of Relativity ). The New Paradigm is Monism ( All is One ), Pantheism ( All is Divine ) & Holism ( The Whole is Real ). Holistic Medicine, Transcendental Meditation, Yoga, Zen, Pranic Therapy, Tantra, Astrology, Numerology, Gemology, Vedic Foods etc are all New Age practices ! There are 6.3 million New Age websites ! The East and the West, the vertical and the horizontal means of gaining knowledge have met and have become One ! David Willaims declared that the Aquarian Age arrived in 1844, with the dawn of the Babism Movement. According to him the Aquarian Age is associated with three decans, Libra, Gemini and Aquarius. We are in the Libran decan of the Aquarian Age. That explains why the world has been affected by wars, due to Libra and revolutions, due to Aquarius. Socialism, Communism, Humanism etc are products of the New Age. The massive influx of technology is associated due to Aquarius. Also Enlightenment. The Industrial Revolution, the Computer and the Cybernetic Revolution are also attributable to the Age of Aquarius. People will become more impersonal, but will be more humane and altruistic. Revelation of Truth and Expansion of Consciousness are the hallmarks of the New Age Almost one billion believe in Astrology and more than 4 billion believe in Philosophy ! NAM will unite all under a World Government, a World Religion, a World Currency ( the globo ) & a World Market ! https://fktr.in/x2dpYJS https://fktr.in/jk7oYef