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Indian  Astronomy IV   

By Govind Kumar  

                                                                          

Ahargana                                                                                      

Ahargana is defined as the no of days elapsed after the start of the Iron Age, the Kali Yuga, which began on 3102 BC. Kali Era = English Era +3102 The no of days elapsed from Kali Start was 1822903 on 13/04/1890. Hence Ahargana, d = ( xdate - 13/04/1890 ) + 1822903

where xdate is the date of birth. This Ahargana is printed on every Vedic  Astrology  Horoscope. All calculations in Indian Astronomy are based on Ahargana. Ahas means day in Sanskrit and gana means calculation.

 

The Kali Era, according to the Hindu Calendar 

  The present Kali Era is therefore 3102 + 2014 = 5114

The difference between the Malayalam & English eras are 825. Malayalam Era is 1185 now and if you add 825 to Malayalam Era, you get English Era.
 
Malayalam Era  + 825 = English Era

 

 

The Julian Calender used the value 365.25 d ( days ) for year and was proved erroneous. There were 10 days difference and the Gregorian Calender, the present day Calender, came into being. Gregorian uses 365.2425 d for year. The Gregorian is also not perfect, as the Tropical Zodiac is moving, and may be subject to correction after some years. The actual value of the year is
 
year = 365.256362424815 d
 
with twelve decimals. In my early days of 

progam development, I used two decimals 

and there were many days of difference. 

This value is given by Sir Simon Newcombe, 

according to Western Learning and Aryabhata, 

according to Indian learning.

The great Jupiter - Saturn perturbation

 
In Indian Astronomy, the great Jupiter - Saturn perturbation, is calculated using the formula given below.
 
The Kali year, ky, is calculated and 4660 is deducted from it to get the kyb, the kali year balance. Its Bhujamsa,x is calculated using the Equation of Bhuja and then its Bhujajya ( Sin x ) is calculated to get the value of Manda Phala, a.
 
Mathematically, it can be written as
 
Y, (Year of Birth) + 3102 = ky, the Kali Year of Birth
 
kyb ( kali year balance ) = ( ky - 4660 )
 
x = kyb*360/918
 
b, bhujajya = sin(x)
 
Since the duration is 918 years and perturbation amplitude is 1187 seconds,
 
Manda Phala, a = sin(x) * 1187
 
( Example - My year of birth is 1955. Add 3102 and we get 5057. Less 4660 is 397. 397*360/918 is 155.6 and its Bhujamsa is 25 degrees roughly ( 180-155). So Sin (25 ) is 0.41. Manda Phala, therefore is 0.41*1187 seconds or Vikalas. )
 
This value, Manda Phala, a is added to Jupiter’s mean longitude, if Jove’s long is less than 180 and subtracted if Jove’s long is greater than 180.
 
In the West, this discovery is attributed to Laplace. The duration of the perturbation of 918 years is known as Laplace period. Its amplitude of .332 degrees is similar to the Indian value of 1187 seconds.
 
Laplace gives the equation 2 nj - 5 ns + constant, bringing to light the 5:2 Resonance in the orbits of the two celestial giants. 2 revolutions of Saturn = 5 revolutions of Jupiter = 60 years !